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Please, follow how landscape identification develops in Sweden and in the Nordic region, in relation to other countries and regions in Europe. Just click on a flag. More precise information under each country. (Countries trated so far: Roumania, Sweden ...) MAP AND HINTSLandscape identification - the word makes us understand, we need maps. Here we have chosen the one from UE called The Assembly of European Regions, de 2002, since it gives the most detailde administrative approach that we have found. A country like Sweden
that is so big and yet something of a vigin when it comes to spatial planning and landscape,
that the contemporary Swedish translates with "regional planning" is in need for clarity here:
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countries work together since after World War 2 on European affairs,
among them landscape. The work is being done throughout the two big
languages of this organisationa English and French.
It probably needs both these languages - at least - to fully realize to
what extent natural, cultural and social aspects are intertwined in the
formulations of the Landscape convention and to remind us about just
how much man, the cultural heritage and democracy are really at the heart of this Convention. Although, today climate change and environmental issues
have climbed on the international agenda and on the list of our
worries, we mean that a bigger simultaneity and multi-polarity between
those big European languages would help the nationel debate on these
issues to stick to the original views and visions of the Convention.
Read mor on the page of the European Landscape Convention. | ||||
 © Photo from the French "Guide de valorisation du patrimoine rural", 2000. "– the right landscape is the intersubjective landscape on which we have opinions and to which we can attribute values. It is beautiful or degraded, depending on the criteria as agreed upon within specific groups related to the landscape. In fact the word landscape in its German (Landschaft), Dutch (landschap) or Swedish (landskap) expression refers to the organisation of a group of inhabitants. The right landscape is the domain of action groups and NGO’s, but also of politicians. " Ebbe Adolfsson, Bas Pedroli | To convince oneself about this - just look around a little bit on the 2005 issue number However, now we are in the beginning of 2008: it starts to be urgent for Sweden to ratify and urgent for Swedish responsibles to tell the Swedes about the Convention... 103d of Naturopa.The Magazine is geared by the Council of Europe and also available on http://www.coe.int/naturopa. So, in 2002, there was already an interesting article in the no 98 issue by Swedish administratior Ebbe Adolfsson, concerning the various facettes of the Convention, this after the then fresh Swedish signature of the European Landscape Convention on February 22, 2001. That issule dealt altogether with the new Convention. On this page Landscape&Citizens will little by little ressemble some good European examples of how various countries look upon and define their landscape identification and valorisation of landscapes. As for Sweden, we hope that our resonsible parties but also, for that matter, researchers and entrepreneurs who fully realize the big interest of this Convention shall feel invited to a dialogue with the citizens on its behalf. Read more :
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 © Council of Europe: European Rural Heritage Observation Guide, by CEMAT, 2003 | "What is rural heritage? The landscapes carved out over centuries by people who lived off the land and, more generally, through the exploitation of natural resources. The buildings that make up what is referred to as rural architecture, whether or not they are clustered together (villages, hamlets, isolated houses and buildings). The local products, adapted to local conditions and the needs of those who developed them, The techniques, tools and know-how that have made creative activity possible and which remain essential for maintaining, restoring, changing and modernising its results, in accordance with the design logic and aestehetic of the buildings/environment/landscape as a whole. These techniques extend to symbols and cultural meanings in the widest sense. However, we cannot discuss rural cultural heritage without referring to two obvious facts. The people who use the countryside, who live there and who have often played a decisive role in ensuring that these assets have survived are increasingly aware that it belongs to them and are becoming more vocal on this issue. At the same time, the countryside, and the heritage that it represents and contains, is considered the property of every individual, including those from towns as well as from the countryside." Isac
Chiva Une politique pour le patrimoine culturel rural Report to the French Culture Ministry, 1994 | |||
Landscape&Citizens has proposed between 2004 et 2007, the latter date of which a seminar called Landscape, Health, Outdoor Education and Tourism, took place organised by the Swedish Heritage Board àand at a great lot of other occasions that this Rural Heritage Guide, that has already been translated to the benefits of French, Polish, Roumanian, Russian, Spanish and Italian people, should also be published in the Swedish language and on behlaf of the Swedish citizens. Our arguments:
Read :
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 Surfaces & numbers of inhabitants (approx) DK : 43 093 km2, 5,5 million N : 386 985 km2, 4,5 million S : 449 964 km2, 9 million, 20 hab/km2 FIN : 338 146 km2, 5 million Denmark-Norway-Sweden-FinlandWhy bring together so voluntarily here four nordic countries, that are in fact separate States?! This may annoy... However, the similarity when it comes to nature and culture in the North is often striking - which influence on their landscapes: | ||||
 © Nordic Council of Ministers : Nordic Landscapes and the ELC | This was also the perspective of the pertinent and thorough Study by two Norwegians, Even Gaukstad et Gaute Sonstebo,
Nordens landskap / Nordic Landscape,
in 2003. These territorial and historic similairities of the landscape
of the scandinavian peninsula were also underlined by The Swedish Environment Board when its responsible agents were to point out the specificity of a country like Sweden
in view of a ratification in the Council of Europe, when this
Convention entered into force. Also in our more citizens-oriented
perspective during the communication Swedish Landscape
in the conference "Spatial Planning and Landscape, in Tulcea 2004, this
was the point of departure. Huge spaces like these certainly be
identified by several parties. Also see the Spatial Planning and Landscape Series of the www.coe.publications.int . We then said - and still strongly believe: "Our countries and landscapes have very few inhabitants compared to the European continent. Although urbanisation accelerates, as everywhere in Europe, only a few per cents of the territory are really concerned (apart, probably, from Denmark). These few facts: nature and landscape that are largely unexploited, in the north: one of the last wild life territories of the whole continent, plus a great variation of agriculture with highly visible effects on the landscape, all make up for a vast and resourceful region. For my part I have lots of gratitude towards the Council of Europe and through it the Nordic Council – the first for the European Landscape Convention, the second for the Nordic Landscape Study, because they both give us an impetus to find a more functional place, together, in a “Europe of Regions”. In Septembre 2004, high representatives of the Nordic countries met in Sand, Norway with the goal to advance the implementation process in the Nordic region. Their report in translation: Implementation of the European Landscape Convention within local and reginal planning in the Nordic countries / Implementering av den europeiske landskaps-konvensjonen i lokal og regional planlegging i Norden (in Norwegian) also include a long passage on and about this important Gaukstad/Sonstebo Study.
In 2007, the Nordic authorities
have now constituted a network between them: Will the perspective of
civic insight in the matters of landscape identification still remain? Others do seem to hold this for inescapable... For instance, concerning the territorial debate that takes place int eht recent publication Hagbarth, Cities and REgions. Facing up for change, Ole Damsgaard and Kaisa Lähteenmäki-Smith, Nordregio
(Nordic Centre for Spatial development), Stockholm, open up the nordic
territories for a huge and important debate that, unfortunately, so
far, seems to have been almost solely kept within the ranges
of the experts themselves, whereas the debate really concerns also
the public: "Partly driven by globalisation and intensified international competition neo-liberal ideology is gaining ground across the nordic countries." (---) A "shift from 'regional equality' to 'regional competitiveness and innovation' can be seen to have taken place." (---)Yet the nordic reality has incresingly led to disillusionment: the role of the public sector is seen as excessive, while the degree of innovation is seen as beeing increasingly stymied by the low level of entrepreneurship and the inflexibility of the public sector. Change is called for (---) There are indications that seem to confirm the idea that the regional level needs to be perceived in a new light. This includes 'regionalism' as far as the regional and local levels themselves are seeking to achieve empowerment through a more bottomp-up process of mobilisation." Landscape&Citizens sincerely hope this debate will very soon widen! Read more on The Convention vs Sweden :
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| European level | National level | Local & regional levels |
European level
"Sweden is not only the classic example
of the interventionist Scandinavian welfare state and 'folkhem', but is
also among the best examples of 'agentification' in the public sector, which has in many cases led to difficulties in co-ordination and efficiency problems."
Severe words, pronounced by Nordregio (above). Others have - coming from other sectors like the psychiatrist David Eberhard, see The Convention vs Sweden - has however noticed the same tnedency... However the Nordregio authors also observe a new kind of "regional competitiveness and innovation", although at the same time ( at least in the cases of Norway and Finland) keeping up with traditional "regional equality".
Landscape&Citizens has for some time now tried to focus on the landscape. One link has been through an international engagement, another during a manadatory period in the small municipality of Kinda, 10 000 habitants...
See the local & regional levels below. The landscape according to to the European Landscape Convention should be regarded from many perspectives : infrastructure, a sensible, and perhaps complementary use (or not...) of the frelations between towns - small and big - and rural zones, etc.
As is shown by successful regions, the need for ideas and exchange between different parties is very big... How are as many good ideas as possible taken care of? This was shown in great detail by the Norwegian Council of Europe specialist Audun Moflag in 2005.
Unfortunaltely, in Sweden the biggest municipalities prefer to associate first of all with other big municipalities, in a way that rather has isolated the countryside from more frequent in-put and contacts from the towns in general. This is why the proposal from the Commission of public responsibilities, is among the most interesting we have seen.
In 2006, we organised a Seminar in Linköping in south-east Sweden with the support of the old Kommittén för EU-DEBATT /Commission EU-DEBATE. Unfortunately, there was a certain rivalry between this manifestation and the Swedish elections that were taking place at this moment. However, it was observed by a few municipalities and officials, and the communication by the SALAR-collaborator Torbjörn CONON is availible in its original form here below. Se also on the Convention vs Sweden.
Severe words, pronounced by Nordregio (above). Others have - coming from other sectors like the psychiatrist David Eberhard, see The Convention vs Sweden - has however noticed the same tnedency... However the Nordregio authors also observe a new kind of "regional competitiveness and innovation", although at the same time ( at least in the cases of Norway and Finland) keeping up with traditional "regional equality".
Landscape&Citizens has for some time now tried to focus on the landscape. One link has been through an international engagement, another during a manadatory period in the small municipality of Kinda, 10 000 habitants...
See the local & regional levels below. The landscape according to to the European Landscape Convention should be regarded from many perspectives : infrastructure, a sensible, and perhaps complementary use (or not...) of the frelations between towns - small and big - and rural zones, etc.
As is shown by successful regions, the need for ideas and exchange between different parties is very big... How are as many good ideas as possible taken care of? This was shown in great detail by the Norwegian Council of Europe specialist Audun Moflag in 2005.
Unfortunaltely, in Sweden the biggest municipalities prefer to associate first of all with other big municipalities, in a way that rather has isolated the countryside from more frequent in-put and contacts from the towns in general. This is why the proposal from the Commission of public responsibilities, is among the most interesting we have seen.
In 2006, we organised a Seminar in Linköping in south-east Sweden with the support of the old Kommittén för EU-DEBATT /Commission EU-DEBATE. Unfortunately, there was a certain rivalry between this manifestation and the Swedish elections that were taking place at this moment. However, it was observed by a few municipalities and officials, and the communication by the SALAR-collaborator Torbjörn CONON is availible in its original form here below. Se also on the Convention vs Sweden.
Questions put and answers given by Torbjörn CONON at
the Seminar arranged by Landscape&Citizens and the liberal party under the name An attractive region of Östergötland?, Linköping, 7th Septembre, 2006
Torbjörn Conon gave many examples of how both knowledge, products and ideas
are needed to make any region competitive. But this is not enough
(although the national debate sometimes halts at this point), also the
general life settings of inhabitants are intensely needed, which some politicians and big entrepreneurs seem to want to forget...
Montreal, Finlande, Glasgow and Emilia Romagna were his examples of really good "best practice" (each in its own way) !
For Landscape&Citizens lthe
example of Emilia Romagna, together with other examples from
contintental Europe were at the base of our presentation of Vimmerby et ses environs,
Sweden. This kind of small town has already started up an interesting
process of collaboration with neighbouring municipalities of the same
way as suggested by Torbjörn Conon. It has:
- invested in culture...
- used intercommunal collaboration between municipalities as a key to development...
- engaged, and been engaged, in the tissue o networking, that aims at more and more collaborations in the same direction...
- ... and has, still, specialised ( NOT done the same thing as everybody else...). As a result it has got comparatively
- many cultural activites that are engaging widely!
Read :
- 6th Workshop of the European Landscape Convention, Sibiu, text, introduction, end, 2007
- Commission of public responsibilities: Summary, 2007
- Program : An attractive region of Östergötland, 2006
- Program : Regions as driving forces, 2006
- Michel Prieur & Sylvie Durousseau : participation of the public in landscape matters, 2003
- Networks and collaborations in the Sommenbygd Territory (LEADER+) and Alsace, 2003
National level
Who, today, perceive the landscape or the landscapes? What does the landscape perspective, i a the idea of beauty and harmony, etc, mean in a country where a separation between urban and rural sectors, between the northern areas and the southern areas are very much pronounced as could perhaps naturally be the case in a big, largely unexploited country like Sweden? Here we follow just this line of thought, also propesed above. Of course, many other facettes could have been chosen: se it as OUR start in this widely important period of pre-ratification of the ELC, in Sweden...
"Facts 2The 15
qualities that the respondants thought most important for the green
areas around their dwellings, close to their working places or the
school
(ranked accoarding to mean values):
- Beauty
- Possibilities to be calmed and relaxed as a conter-balance to one's job - That it's clean- Secure and safe environment- Possibilities to keep oneself in form and being healthy- Space with nature- Peaceful and quiet character- Lot's of trees- Undisturbedness- Environment with variations- Big and free- Parc with lawns"
In a report, "Landskapets upplevelsevärden"/ Engl: The living values of landscape The Board of Housing, Building and Planning Direction and seven other national Athorities distributed fill-in-forms to the inhabitants of seven Swedish municipalities from the north to the south on a national scale, partly in order to help local authorities in spatial planning locally but also to help answering the question as to whether or not "we can connect experiences of nature and culture with health, welfare and ecological conditions?"
In order to limit the scope, somewhat, they were obliged to exclude from this enquiry those questions that particularly regarded people under 18 years of age and people from other cultures...
Perhaps we are threading on some aching toes, being however ourselves obliged to summarize. We are a little bit worried because of another exclusion, far more serious in our eyes and for the landscape picture in the long run: Beauty...
In the Enquiry this value was by the highest valued, but according to the interviewers it was also " a subjective statement, which must be better analyzed, for instance by tests of attitudes. What can be considered 'beautiful'? What is for instance meant by a beautiful place?""
We
certainly have nothing against the necessary need for delimitations per
se. But isn't it up to all citizens to define beauty?!
Landscape&Citizens doesn't doubt about the good will of Swedish authorities. But concerning the perception of landscape we believe that there is no nead "to reinvent the Wheel": The perception of landscape can be done through objective critera - with the participation of the citizens, as is showede by another Study: La perception du paysage par la CPDT de la Région Wallone : Pour une meilleure prise en compte du paysage - Plaquette 4. See, link below.
Apart from this, and in a perspective of regions that are more attractive and more competitive, we even believe this to be urgent.
Read more:
- Health?
- Landscape?
- Outdoor living?
- Participation ?
- Landscape?
- Outdoor living?
- Participation ?
See also,
- concerning cultural heritage and landscape picture in rural settings:
- concerning cities & regions :
- and their cultural stakeholders
- concerning the role of municipalities:
- La CEP - Information de la Direction Nationale du Patrimoine adressée aux communes de Suède, 2007
- The Soul of Democracy, 2007
- min text till Spaniensem nov 07
- Towards Future Heritage Management, 2007
- Le Helsingborg Dagblad le 9 mai, 2007
- Le paysage en droit suédois (suédois), 2007
- "can contribute to job creation". Reflections on the implementation of the European Landscape Convention in Sweden ( suédois, Abstract anglais), 2006, including:
Local-regional levels
Of course, it is only at local and regional levels throughout the country - whether we are talking about Tavvavuoma in the North or "Old Kockum's" in Malmö, in the south, that we find the examples concretely of "the protection, management and planning of landscapes" in Sweden. It is essential, then to stick to the global vision and "to identify its own landscapes throughout its territory".
This is all the more natural since the European Spatial Development Perspective , ESDP, is explicitely putting forward :
- the multi-polar network between the towns of the UE,
- the further connections between urban and rural zones,
- a transport and communication system within Europe that should be molre integrated, and not in the least:
- the anchorage of regional identities through the protection of natural and cultural heritage.
Linköping - Kinda, County of Östergötland
As we have said, there are many examples at Swedish European level of how collaboration can take place at with the help of regions as driving forces, in Montreal, Finland, Glasgow, Emilia Romagna, and more. In the County of Östergötland, where a seminar on this took place in 2006, how is this knowledge being profitably used?
© Ekopark Sveaskog: From its web-page we cite (in English): "What is an ekopark?- An ekopark is a more vast, coherent forest landscape with high natural values and high ambitions for nature protection. An ekopark has got at least 2 500 acres and its productive forestarea should for at leas 50% be used as an nature protection area. In the ekoparks the ecological values predominate upon economic values"
Read more on :
http://www.sveaskog.se
The
inhabitants of the old province of Östergötland are known to have
well developed networks going back to it's redominantly rural history
only some 50 years far off.
In more recent times, and even quite recently as a part of the County being accepted as one of seven pilot regions by the Swedish Environment Board for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, however, with a still strictly ecological landscape strategy of its own, a profitable and far-reaching development, including towns-and-countryside could by now have been expected. In reality the integration is still rather slow - perhaps due to what has in other places on this site been pointed out by several as a somewhat problematic "agentification" of the Swedish society. See article by Nordregio in Cities and Regions Facing up to Change.
All the same, in the rural municipialities all around activites are often seen to be vibrant - however with, and sometimes without municipal and regional support...
Below, a few examples of what has been achieved on the domain of landscape at a political level in the rural Municipality of Kinda, 10 000 habitants - and environments:
In more recent times, and even quite recently as a part of the County being accepted as one of seven pilot regions by the Swedish Environment Board for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, however, with a still strictly ecological landscape strategy of its own, a profitable and far-reaching development, including towns-and-countryside could by now have been expected. In reality the integration is still rather slow - perhaps due to what has in other places on this site been pointed out by several as a somewhat problematic "agentification" of the Swedish society. See article by Nordregio in Cities and Regions Facing up to Change.
All the same, in the rural municipialities all around activites are often seen to be vibrant - however with, and sometimes without municipal and regional support...
Below, a few examples of what has been achieved on the domain of landscape at a political level in the rural Municipality of Kinda, 10 000 habitants - and environments:
A vision was proposed on 2003 to the Committee of culture that seems to us to open up for landscape considerations at local level in a balanced way: Environment - Men - Economy. More on The Convention vs Sweden/SALAR.
Citizens, local politicians and/or active in local ideal association life Landscape&Citizens has proposed a series of measures that are in line with the Convention in other countries: articles, civic pronouncements, reports - all of them measures that any citizen can do in his/her municipality... Certainly, being a local or regional representative of some kind may help...
Generally speaking, we see no mayor reasons why landscape in the long run should not be able to present similar features of "protection, management and planning" as a consequence both of the needs and demands of citizens and local-regional enterprises, ando of local-regional authorities, as in for instance the Wallonian region: one best practice in this field, that many local-regional agents or politicians should be well advised to visit, while on tour to Brussels...!
Citizens, local politicians and/or active in local ideal association life Landscape&Citizens has proposed a series of measures that are in line with the Convention in other countries: articles, civic pronouncements, reports - all of them measures that any citizen can do in his/her municipality... Certainly, being a local or regional representative of some kind may help...
Generally speaking, we see no mayor reasons why landscape in the long run should not be able to present similar features of "protection, management and planning" as a consequence both of the needs and demands of citizens and local-regional enterprises, ando of local-regional authorities, as in for instance the Wallonian region: one best practice in this field, that many local-regional agents or politicians should be well advised to visit, while on tour to Brussels...!
 © Mattias Liegnell - a local painter, whose paintings of the Main Street of Kisa. in Kinda, are mostly known to locals of the head municipality - Kisa. Could a more reflecting regional and spatial planning lead to better use of limited resources in small rural municipalities, like Kinda, given a more complementary use of resources in small towns and their surrounding areas? This is what our proposal in Sibiu, 2007 exposed, explained, proposed - by means of a tool, that has proved its value on many places: a rural heritage guide...? | Please have a look about landscape, participation and politics at local rural level in Östergötland ( Kinda) :
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  © Municipality of Kinda. Or "commune" ? This is actuyally the old Swedish term, with origin back to European revolutionary days... | Read more about some more or less prospective landscape work carried out at local-regional and civic levels in Östergötland :
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Vimmerby, County of Småland | |||||||||||||
Ängelholm, the Region of Scania Landscape&Citizens' interest for Scania goes back at least to the 90s, when the Bridge of Öresund, was finally inaugurated and change the conditions for most Northern people. Please, see our starting-page! | |||||||||||||
 © Picture by Rural Community Association. Strövelstorps Byalag, 2005, actually inspired by the Roumanian presentation of the ELC. | Read/see our communication on some windling ways of a little Stream in the outskirts of a southern municipality and its slow orientation towards the Landscape Convention... From a PPT on the Library of Ängelholm, Scania, on 24 of Februrary, 2005. At the invitation of the Strövelstorp Byalag. No 1 Introduction No 2 The European Landscape Convention No 3 What does this mean regionally? N0 4 Every country prepares for the ELC in its own kind of way... No 5 Every coountry adapts the Convention to its laws - vice versa. No 6 The environment No 7 Who are concerned? No 8 The precursors of the ELC in the world of Conventions No 9 There are many ways of defineing landscapes N0 10 From a regional perspective No 11 Protection. Administration. Planning. Democracy No 12 Definitions No 13 The landscape is defined by its physical form and history No 14 The Convention as cheese...! No 15 Everybody is engaged, generally and/or specificially No 16 ...but without elitism! No 17 Regionaly it's a question of integration above all No 18 Alla landskap - överallt! No 19 How? No 20 History No 21 Today No 22 The tools of landscape policy No 23 The European dimension No 24 Regional advantage No 25 The region as "landscape" - what possibilities? No 26 ""Landscape" means an area, as perceived by people" | ||||||||||||
 Surface: 240 000 km2, dont env 80 % zones ruraux Habitants : 23 millions, 94 hab/km2 Constitution : République bicamérale Administration: 41 judeţe (judeţ: sg latin judicium: "judge") | |||||||||||||
 © Casa de Presă și Editură Tribuna, 2007 "The Soul of the VillageChild, rest your hands on my knees. I believe eternity was born in a villiage. Here, all thought has slowed down, and your heart throbs more slowly, As if it didn't beat in your chest, But deep under the ground, somewhere. Here is where your thirst for redemption is cured And if your feet have bled, you sit on a mound of clay. Look, it's evening. The soul of the village flutters above us, Like a bashful fragrance of freshly cut grass, Like smoke tumbling down from thatched roofs, Like kids playing on tall tombs." Lucian BLAGA b 1895 | La version nationale, GHID, a été réalisée à l'aide active de plusieurs autorités : Ministère des Transports, des Constructions et du Tourisme, Ministère de la Culture et des Cultes, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Forêts et du Développement rural, mais aussi the National Village Museum « Dimitrie Gusti » de Bucarest, ainsi que des contacts développés et confiants du Conseil de l'Europe. Le GHID de vorificare a patriimoniului rural / Guide for the valorisation of rural heritage, 2007, existe désormais en forme de livre de poche, beaucoupd d'illustrations suggéstives, un style direct afin de rester accésible aux " acteurs publics, privés, la population rurale, les autorités locales et centrales, la communauté scientifique, en essayant d'ouvrir la voie d'un dialogue fructueux. A gauche : Le GHID de vorificare a patriimoniului rural et un bel exemple de la richesse littéraire d'un pays qui semble lier l'individualisme et solidarité, tiré de la page Roumanie de Naturopas 103 : Lire : 
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National level
 © Cultura&turism.ro. La ville de Vaslui, en Moldaviese discute par les agents en l'héritage de la Romanie - mais aussi par un jeune cinéaste qui a produit le film 12.08 East of Bucarest , tourné en Suède. gav - där kulturen tycks vara i ständig rörelse... " Home Was it a place or a time? The universe boarded by trees A profusion of bars Giving meaning to the emptyness Marking its edges Between earth and heaven. Then, the bars became My own ribs Bordering the same emptiness: A place or a time." Ana BLANDIANA b 1942The Sun of the Beyond |  " 12.08 East of Bucarest", ou bien " La mort de M Lazarescu ", ou bien la Palme d'or à Cannes 2007, " 4 mos, 3 semaines & deux jours ". Trois très beaux films roumains, qui ont fait le tour de l'Europe et de notre pays l'an passeé. Combien de rappels, nous-faut il, pour admettre dans le débat officiel, le lien entre liberté d'esprit et résultats artistiques de valeur ? Il n'y a bien sûr aucune raison à croire que la même liberté individuelle et citoyenne ne s'appliquerait-pas sur notre concéption du paysage. Comme les extrait de Naturopa no 103 nous révèle, il y a aujourd'hui en Roumaine, après tant d'année soul la dictature, un individualisme avertit, qui explique bien des choses au niveau national concernant la Convention du paysage. Par exemple, comme le notait le journaliste Per Albin Abrahamsson, dans Europanytt en décembre 2007, les Roumains seraient soit riches, sout pauvres", ce qui entre autres choses aurait eu comme résultat que la classe moyenne n'est pas la seule á propager ces idées... Landscape&Citizens trouve après deux visites liées au travail paysager dans les deux pays, la Suède et la Roumanie, que la manière dont la Roumanie, au niveau national, semble avoir su intégrer le développement rural avec l'information, voire la participation citoyenne, est intéréssant. Il y a lieu à croire que ce n'est pas moins grâce aux Guides, évoques sur notre page web, qui se trouvent derrière ce développement pour certains étrange. Les textes officiels, par rapport aux textes suédois, au même sujet, montrent que le développement jusqu'là et malgré une pauvreté parfois alarmante, suivent bien la ligne indiquée déjà en 2004 où il y avait souligné à l'adresse des Judets que : " le paysage en tant que territoire ne fait pas de discriminations entre les différentes parties du territoire : il se rapporte aux problèmes du territoire entier plutôt qu'à certaines parties de celui-ci..." Nous notons depuis la Suède, combien les œuvres culturelles de qualité d''un champs, ont tendance à se manifester aussi à travers les autres champs de la culture, tel le film... Il n'y a bien sûr aucune raison à croire que la même liberté individuelle et citoyenne ne s'appliquerait-pas sur notre conception du paysage. Comme les extrait de Naturopa no 103 nous révèle, il y a aujourd'hui en Roumaine, après tant d'année soul la dictature, un individualisme avertit, qui explique bien des choses au niveau national concernant la Convention du paysage. Par exemple, comme le notait le journaliste Per Albin Abrahamsson, dans Europa-Posten/Nouvelles européennes en décembre 2007, les Roumains seraient soit riches, soit pauvres", ce qui entre autres choses aurait eu comme résultat que la classe moyenne n'est pas la seule á propager ces idées... |
Local-regional levels
 © Musée de plein air à Sibiu, en haut et en bas.en Transsylvanie. L'Homme, la nature et l'histoire sont tous présents. On y trouve des fôrets et encore desfôrets mais aussi le soin de créer du nouveau au milieu des fôrets, du nouveau fondé sur une culture et une civilisatin admirables... | Comme ce résumé saurait simplement donner quelques examples d'identification paysagère à différents niveaux: voici notre exemple roumain concernant l'intégration des zones rurales dans l'identification du paysage : Le chef de la Musée ASTRA de Sibiu, Dr Corneliu Bucur, écrit dans la brochure " La civilisation populaire roumaine fondement de notre identité ethnoculturelle ", 2007 de cette manière, encyclopédique, quelque clarifications conceptuelles et méthodologiques : " La problématique des valeurs culturelles qui définissent l'identité ethographique
d'un peuple, caractériese par excellence les élements qui structurent
le système du patrimoine culturel national, identifié par la
civilisation traditionelle. il y a plusieurs traits dichotomiques à
travers lesquels le type de civilisation spécifique d'une ethnie est
identiié au niveau culturel-historique : stable ( sédentaire) ou mobile (nomade, migratoire), agricole ou pastorale : passive (répétitive) ou active (évolutive) ; traditionaliste, ou moderniste ; technique ou artistique. " Ainsi, a-t-il su montrer que la coexistence de ces deux types historiques de civilisation, rurale et urbaine, est une expression d'évolution complémentaire des relations entre deux structures économiques et sociales fondamentales. A y réfléchir... |
 | " La Civilisation urbaine - Structures et relations féodales et modernes - Modernité - Mercantilisme - Esprit actif - Progrès - Multiculturalisme - Production technique spécialisée - Systeme technique évolué - Energies naturelles (hydraulique et éolienne) - Occidentalisme - Culture écrite " |
| " Civilisation rurale - Structures et relation gentilices - Esprit archaïque - Autarcie - Passivité - Refus de la nouveauté - Monoculturalisme - Production commune, sans spécialisation - Système technique archaîque - Ènergie humaine et animale- Orientalisme - Culture orale | Landscape&Citizens trouve ainsi le débat ouvert en ce qui concerne les définitions de l'urbain et le rural.
Nous sommes convaincus quíl faudrait pas mal élargir ce débat au
niveau européen en y renforcant les recherches dans la perspective de
la CEP. Surtout aux niveaux locaux beaucoup de travail sur
entre autres les dégreés de participation du public au
développement en zone rurale, reste à faire. UpCar le silence y règne souvent... Lire : L'éxtrait d'une communication à propos de la CEP et Suède, à Tulcea, Roumanie : - En suivant les propositions avancées dans le rapport préparatoire Nordiskt landskap, discuter les possibilités de monter un projet de développement commun des parcs nationaux/ parcs naturels et régionaux entre la Suède et le Danemark sous l’égide du Conseil nordique/ Conseil de l’Europe. " 
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Landscape & Citizens
Contact Photo: Project Leaders from allover the country meeting in Stockholm at a meeting by former Committee for EU-DEBATE on the 27 April, 2006
Information: info@landscapecitizens.se Senast uppdaterad 08-03-20 © Design: GMS Ord & Mening 2006